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Finnish Centre for Pensions
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    • Pensions
      • Overview of pensions
        • System Description
        • Current information on pensions and taxation
      • Earnings-related Pension Benefits
        • Old-age Pension
        • Partial Old-age Pension
        • Disability Pension
        • Years-of-service Pension
        • Survivors’ Pension
        • Supplementary Pensions
      • Pension Coverage and Insurance
        • Wage-earners
        • Self-employed
        • FAQs on YEL insurance
        • Farmers and Grant Recipients
      • Determining the life expectancy coefficient and retirement age
        • Life expectancy coefficient and how it is determined 
        • Impact on Pensions
        • Determining the retirement age for the old-age pension
        • FAQs on life expectancy coefficient and life expectancy
      • Pension Indexation
        • Security through Indexation
        • Earnings-related Pension Indexes
        • History of pension indexes
        • Index development
      • National pension
      • Benefits under the Workers’ Compensation Act and the Motor Liability Insurance Act
      • Taxation of pensions
    • Financing and Investments
      • Financing Principles
        • Financing Technique
        • Contributions in Relation to Assets and Investments
        • Year-by-year changes in financing
      • Money Flows
      • Pension Contributions
        • Private Sector
        • Public Sector
        • Self-employed
        • Contribution Levels
        • Disability Pension Contributions
      • Division of Costs
      • Investments
        • Pension Assets (Private Sector)
        • Return Requirements of Pension Funds
        • Solidity of Pension Providers
        • Investment Allocations, Realized Returns and Solvency Ratios
        • Public sector earnings-related pension investments
    • Administration and Supervision
      • Tripartite Negotiations
      • Parties to the Pension Scheme
        • Finnish Centre for Pensions
        • Pension Insurance Companies
        • Industry-wide Pension Funds
        • Company Pension Funds
        • Special Pension Providers
        • Public-sector Pension Providers
        • National Pension Scheme and the Social Insurance Institution
        • Service and IT Companies
      • Working Groups
      • Supervision of Pension Scheme
      • Regulation of Pension Scheme
        • Earnings-related Pension Acts
        • Actuarial Principles and Insurance Conditions
        • Regulating Pension Insurance
        • International Coordination
      • Regulatory Mechanisms
    • Pension Reforms
      • Topical Development Projects
      • 2025 Pension reform
      • Previous Pension Reforms
        • Year-by-Year Changes
        • Pension Reform in 2017
        • Pension Reform in 2005
        • TEL-LEL pension system 1962
    • Pensioners’ income level
      • Average Pensions
      • Replacement Ratio
      • Pension accruals for different age groups
    • Working abroad
      • Insurance for working abroad 
        • Employee working abroad
        • Civil servant working abroad 
        • Self-employed person and grant recipient working abroad 
        • Remote work abroad
      • What is an A1 certificate
      • Apply for an A1 certificate
      • Social insurance contributions and salary for insurance purposes for work abroad
      • FAQs on working abroad 
      • Contact Information, insuring work abroad
    • To Finland from abroad
      • Employee to Finland
        • This is how you read the A1 certificate 
      • Self-employed person to Finland 
      • Working remotely in Finland for a foreign employer 
      • Social insurance contributions in Finland 
      • FAQs on working in Finland 
    • Pensions from Abroad
      • Pension from abroad to Finland
      • Finnish earnings-related pension abroad
      • Instructions for recipients of foreign pensions
      • FAQs on pension from abroad
      • Contact Information, international pension matters
    • International Comparisons
      • Retirement Ages
        • Effective Retirement Age and employment rates
      • Financing and Investments
        • Pension Assets and Contributions
        • Investment Return on Pension Assets in 2023
        • Pension Expenditure and Projections
      • Indexing Internationally
      • Pension Ceilings
      • Pensioners’ Income Level Internationally
        • Pension Levels
        • Pensioner Poverty
        • Average Pensions in Europe
    • EU Cooperation
      • Expert Networks
    • Joint registers and information system services
      • Register Descriptions
    • Research
      • Research activities of the Finnish Centre for Pensions
        • Research on working life and its development
        • Research on retirement
        • Research on pension adequacy 
        • Research on the financial sustainability of the pension system
        • Questionnaire surveys
        • Ongoing Research Projects
      • Findings from our research
        • Disability pensions and work ability
        • Impacts of 2017 and 2005 pension reforms 
        • Pensioners’ economic wellbeing
        • Knowing pensions and trust in pension system
      • Researchers
      • Research Cooperation
      • Register data for research use
      • Research Publications
      • Research Seminars
        • Conference 2019
        • Conference 2018
        • Conference 2017
      • Pro Gradu Award for Master’s thesis on pensions
    • Statistics
      • Key Figures
      • Effective Retirement Age
        • Previous releases
      • Statistics on Pensioners in Finland
        • Previous releases
      • Earnings-related Pension Recipients in Finland
        • Earnings-related Pension Recipients in Finland: monthly statistic
        • Previous releases
      • Working in Retirement
      • New Pension Benefits and the Pension Reform
        • Previous releases
      • Persons Insured for an Earnings-related Pension in Finland
        • Previous releases
      • Statistics on Insurance for Work Abroad and Posted Workers
        • Previous releases
      • Pension Applications
        • Pension Applications Forwarded Abroad
        • Previous releases
      • Rehabilitation
        • Previous releases
      • Labour years ratio
      • Total Expenditure on Pensions
        • Previous releases
      • Financing of Pensions
        • Cash flows of the earnings-related pension system
        • TyEL assets and cash flows
        • Financial statement and cost of division figures
        • Time series
      • Statistical Database
      • Release Calendar 2025
      • Contact Information, Statistics
    • Projections
      • Long-term Projections
        • Latest Projections
        • Assumptions of Projections
        • Description of projection model
        • Microsimulation Model ELSI
      • Contact Information, Projections
    • Responsibilites
      • Strategy
      • Corporate Social Responsibility
    • Services
      • Handling Times
      • Data Protection
      • Automated processing
      • Finnish Centre for Pensions’ eServices
    • Administration and Organisation
      • Management Group
      • Board of Directors
      • Representatives
    • Newsroom
      • News and Press releases
      • Blog
      • Images
      • General Notices
      • Newsletter
    • Publications
      • Studies
      • Reports
      • Statistics
      • Analyses
      • Other publications
      • Scientific articles
      • Booklets
    • Contact Us
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      • Management group
      • Heads of department
      • Planning
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Finnish Centre for Pensions – Central body of and expert on statutory earnings-related pensions

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