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Finnish Centre for Pensions
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    • Pension Security
      • Overview of pensions
        • System Description
        • Current information on pensions and taxation
      • Earnings-related Pension Benefits
        • Old-age Pension
        • Partial Old-age Pension
        • Disability Pension
        • Years-of-service Pension
        • Survivors’ Pension
        • Supplementary Pensions
      • Pension Coverage and Insurance
        • Wage-earners
        • Self-employed
        • FAQs on YEL insurance
        • Farmers and Grant Recipients
      • Determining the life expectancy coefficient and retirement age
        • Life expectancy coefficient and how it is determined 
        • Impact on Pensions
        • Determining the retirement age for the old-age pension
        • FAQs on life expectancy coefficient and life expectancy
      • Pension Indexation
        • Security through Indexation
        • Earnings-related Pension Indexes
        • History of pension indexes
        • Index development
      • National pension
      • Benefits under the Workers’ Compensation Act and the Motor Liability Insurance Act
      • Taxation of pensions
    • Financing and Investments
      • Financing Principles
        • Financing Technique
        • Contributions in Relation to Assets and Investments
        • Year-by-year changes in financing
      • Money Flows
      • Pension Contributions
        • Private Sector
        • Public Sector
        • Self-employed
        • Contribution Levels
        • Disability Pension Contributions
      • Division of Costs
      • Investments
        • Pension Assets (Private Sector)
        • Return Requirements of Pension Funds
        • Solidity of Pension Providers
        • Investment Allocations, Realized Returns and Solvency Ratios
        • Public sector earnings-related pension investments
    • Administration and Supervision
      • Tripartite Negotiations
      • Parties to the Pension Scheme
        • Finnish Centre for Pensions
        • Pension Insurance Companies
        • Industry-wide Pension Funds
        • Company Pension Funds
        • Special Pension Providers
        • Public-sector Pension Providers
        • National Pension Scheme and the Social Insurance Institution
        • Service and IT Companies
      • Working Groups
      • Supervision of Pension Scheme
      • Regulation of Pension Scheme
        • Earnings-related Pension Acts
        • Actuarial Principles and Insurance Conditions
        • Regulating Pension Insurance
        • International Coordination
      • Regulatory Mechanisms
    • Pension Reforms
      • Topical Development Projects
      • Previous Pension Reforms
        • Year-by-Year Changes
        • Pension Reform in 2017
        • Pension Reform in 2005
        • TEL-LEL pension system 1962
    • Pensioners’ income level
      • Average Pensions
      • Replacement Ratio
    • Insurance While Working Abroad
      • Remote work and work abroad
        • Remote work in Finland for a foreign employer 
      • What is an A1 Certificate
      • Apply for an A1 Certificate
        • Examples
        • Salary for Insurance Purposes
        • Maximum Time Limits
      • From Finland Abroad
        • Working in an EU Country
        • Working in a Social Security Agreement Country
        • Working in a Non-agreement Country
      • To Finland from Abroad
        • Foreign Workers in Finland
      • Social Insurance Contributions in Finland
      • Corona and working abroad
      • Brexit and working abroad
      • FAQs on Working Abroad
      • Contact Information, Insuring work abroad
    • Pensions from Abroad
      • Claiming a Pension from Abroad
      • International Cooperation
      • Statistical Data
      • FAQs on How to Claim a Pension from Abroad
      • Contact Information, International pension matters
    • International Comparisons
      • Retirement Ages
        • Effective Retirement Age
      • Financing and Investments
        • Pension Assets and Contributions
        • Investment Return on Pension Assets
        • Pension Expenditure and Projections
      • Indexing Internationally
      • Pension Ceilings
      • Pensioners’ Income Level Internationally
        • Pension Levels
        • Pensioner Poverty
        • Average Pensions in Europe
    • EU Cooperation
      • Expert Networks
    • Joint registers and information system services
      • Register Descriptions
    • Research
      • Research activities of the Finnish Centre for Pensions
        • Research on working life and its development
        • Research on retirement
        • Research on pension adequacy 
        • Research on the financial sustainability of the pension system
        • Ongoing Research Projects
      • Findings from our research
        • Pension knowledge and trust in the pension system
        • Pensioners’ economic wellbeing
      • Researchers
      • Research Cooperation
      • Research Publications
      • Research Seminars
        • Conference 2019
        • Conference 2018
        • Conference 2017
      • Pro Gradu Award for Master’s thesis on pensions
    • Statistics
      • Effective Retirement Age
        • Previous releases
      • Statistics on Pensioners in Finland (OSF)
        • Previous releases
      • Earnings-related Pension Recipients in Finland (OSF)
        • Previous releases
      • New Pension Benefits and the Pension Reform
        • Previous releases
      • Persons Insured for an Earnings-related Pension in Finland (OSF)
        • Previous releases
      • Working in retirement
      • Statistics on Insurance for Work Abroad and Posted Workers
        • Previous releases
      • Pension Applications
        • Previous releases
      • Rehabilitation
        • Previous releases
      • Total Expenditure on Pensions (OSF)
        • Previous releases
      • Financing of Pensions
        • Cash flows of the earnings-related pension system
        • TyEL assets and cash flows
        • Financial statement and cost of division figures
        • Time series
      • Key Figures
      • Statistical Database
      • Release Calendar 2023
      • Contact Information, Statistics
    • Projections
      • Long-term Projections
        • Latest Projections
        • Assumptions of Projections
        • Description of projection model
        • Microsimulation Model ELSI
      • Contact Information, Projections
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  • Jaakko Aho
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Jaakko Aho

Jaakko Aho

Title: Actuarial Manager, Head of Unit

Work desciription: Pension financing and division of costs

Telephone: +358 29 411 2306

E-mail: firstname.lastname@etk.fi

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