Average Pensions
The figure describing the average pension may vary considerably depending on the point of view and the group under review. For this reason, one figure is not enough to describe the average pension; instead, we should review several different average figures.
Figure describing the average total pension depends on group under review
The statutory total pension consists of either an earnings-related pension or a national pension or both, and a possible guarantee pension. In addition, possible pensions granted on the basis of the military accident, motor liability and workers’ compensation insurance (SOLITA pensions) are also included in the calculations.
The average total pension calculated for all pension recipients is the average figure for the most extensive group possible of pension recipients. In 2023, this figure was 1,869 euros per month. The figure includes pensions paid abroad as well as survivors’ pensions.
Since the average pension paid abroad was 492 euros per month and the average orphan’s pension was 724 per month, the inclusion of these pensions reduce the average total pension.
If the group of pension recipients is limited to persons who live in Finland and who get only a pension based on their own employment history (pension in their own right), the average total pension at the end of 2023 was 1,977 per month. Part-time pensions and partial old-age pensions are not included in these calculations.
Table 1. Average total pension of pension recipients who live in Finland and who get a pension in their own right, by pension structure and gender and by 31 Dec. 2023
| Men | Women | Total | |
| Average total pension €/month | 2,216 | 1,779 | 1,977 |
| share of earnings-related pension | 2,073 | 1,621 | 1,826 |
| share of Kela pension * | 122 | 146 | 135 |
| share of SOLITA pensions | 20 | 13 | 16 |
| * includes the guarantee pension |
Highest total pensions paid to pensioners on an old-age pension
When reviewed per pension benefit, persons on an earnings-related old-age pension got the highest total average pension: 2,068 euros per month in 2023. The average total pension of a person on a disability pension was 1,282 euros per month.
Average earnings-related pensions on the rise
At the end of 2023, the average pension of person living in Finland who got a pension based on their own work history (excluding persons on a part-time or a partial old-age pension) was 1,868 euros per month. This figure differs from the previously presented average total pension (€1,977) because, when calculating this particular average earnings-related pension, part-time pensions as well as survivors’ and national pensions have been excluded.
On average, new earnings-related pensions are higher than the pensions in payment. This is explained, partly, by the higher pensionable earnings of the younger cohorts and, partly, by the fact that pensions in payment are adjusted with an index that takes the changes in the economy’s real earnings level into account only in part.
The maturing of the earnings-related system can be seen in the fact that persons who have been retired already for a longer period of time have had a shorter time to accrue an earnings-related pensions than those who are retiring now.
The average earnings-related pension based on the person’s own work history of those retiring in 2022 was 1,761 euros per month, which is 20 euros more than for all recipients of an earnings-related pension.
The highest average earnings-related pensions are old-age pensions. At the end of 2022, the average pension of persons getting an earnings-related pension in the form of an old-age pension was 1,752 euros per month. The corresponding figure for persons retiring on an old-age pension in 2022 was 1,956 euros per month.
Table 2. Pension recipients getting a pension in their own right per 31 Dec. 2022 and new retirees on an earnings-related pension in 2022 and the average earnings-related pension per pension type.
| Pension benefit | No. | Average pension EUR/month | No. | Average pension EUR/month |
| Old-age pension* | 1,315,800 | 1,752 | 52,200 | 1,956 |
| Disability pension | 119,000 | 1,154 | 17,600 | 1,182 |
| Farmers’ special pension | 6,000 | 702 | .. | .. |
| Total | 1,434,700 | 1,703 | 69,800 | 1,761 |
* excluding those who get a partial old-age pension
Men’s average earnings-related pension higher than women’s
On average, men’s earnings-related pensions are higher than women’s. At the end of 2023, the difference in the pensions in payment was 646 euros per month in favour of the men. The average earnings-related pension was 1,542 euros per month for women and 2,188 euros per month for men. Men’s larger earnings-related pensions are due to their longer working lives and higher wages compared to women’s.
If survivors’ pensions, national pensions and SOLITA pensions are included, that is, if we consider the total pension, the difference shrinks to an 472 euros per month. In this case, the average total pension for men is 2,297 euros per month and for women 1,825 euros per month.
Average pension in relation to average earnings
Although the average pensions (excluding disability pensions) have increased in real terms already for decades, the average replacement ratios of disability pensions compared to the economy’s average wages have decreased by approximately 14 percentage points to an ample 33 per cent in the review period 2000–2022. For those receiving an old-age pension, the average replacement ratio has remained at over 50 per cent of the average wage in the economy.
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